Assalamu alaikum, masu karatu. Barkan ku da zuwa wannan shafi na taimakon kai-da-kai. Wato shafin koyan turanci a sauƙaƙe. Mu na farin ciki da sake ganinku a shafin nan. Shafin nan, shafine dake kawo bayanan kimiyya, fasaha da darussan koyan turanci tare da ƙa'idojinsa cikin sauƙi. Sannan kuma a cikin darasin nan za mu gabatar muku da bayanai dangane da REGULAR da IRREGULAR VERBS.
Kafin mu nitsa cikin bayanin, ga jadawalin darusin, wato jerin abubuwan da za mu yi bayani filla-filla.
- 1.0. Mene ne verb a taƙaice?
- 1.1. Misalan verb
- 2.0. Mene ne regular verbs a taƙaice?
- 2.1. Misalan regular verbs
- 3.0. Mene ne irregular verbs?
- 3.1. Misalan irregular verbs
Kamar dai yadda ake gani a sama, mun jero maudu'ai da za mu tattauna a kansu. Mun yi haka ne domin sauƙaƙawa mai karatu wajen karatu ko fahimtar darasin cikin sauƙi. Saboda, fahimtar ƙa'idoji ya na da matuƙar alfano ga mai koyo ko ɗalibi a harkokin karatunsa.
1.0. MENE NE VERB?
A hausance, kalmar verb na nufin yin wani aiki ko aikatau a taƙaice. Aikatau kuma shine duk wani aikin motsa jiki ko wata gaɓa da ɗan Adam ko wani abu ke yi a yau da kullum. Aikin motsa jiki ko gaɓoɓi shine kaman: yin tsalle (to jump), yin iyo (to swim), tsamewa (to skim), ɓārewa (to peel), yin mari (to slap), yin gudu (to run), yin rarrafe (to crawl), yin wasa (to play), zamewa (to slip), yin duka (to beat) da dai sauransu.1.1. MISALAN VERB
Domin haskakawa mai karatu, ga wasu misalai na ayyuka da mu kan aiwatar a rayuwar mu ta yau da kullum.- He swims in his swimming pool every day.
- Ya kan yi iyo a swimming pool ɗinsa kowace rana.
- We talked to each other at school yesterday.
- Jiya mun tattauna da juna a makaranta.
- She usually doesn't eat dinner.
- Ba ta yawaita cin tuwon dare ba.
- Ahmad sold his bicycle last year.
- Ahmad ya siyar da kekensa shekarar da ta gabata.
- We studied English at F.C.E Katsina.
- Mun karanci turanci a kwalejin ilimi ta tarayya da ke Katsina.
- They studied chemistry at Oxford university in 2018.
- Sun karanci kimiyyar sinadarai a jami'ar Oxford a shekarar 2018.
- Are you writing a letter to Musa?
- Shin wasiƙa ka ke rubutawa zuwa ga Musa?
- Aliyu sat on a green chair in his room.
- Aliyu ya zauna saman koriyar kujera a ɗakinsa.
Waɗannan misalai da ke sama, sun ƙunshi ayyukan motsa jiki, da mu kan yi kai a kai ko kuma kullum. Saboda haka sune misalan verb.
2.0. MENE NE REGULAR VERBS?
Kaman kowane aiki, regular verbs ma ayyuka ne na yau da kullum. Sai dai, su sun kasance regular verbs ne kawai a wajen rubutasu musamman a lokacin da ya shuɗe. Ma'ana ƙarshen su iri ɗaya ne ba ya canzawa. Wato su ayyuka ne da su ke ƙarewa da 'ed' ko 'ied' idan za a rubutasu a shuɗaɗɗen lokaci. Misali, daga kill zuwa killed, ko daga jump zuwa jumped, ko daga fry zuwa fried, ko kuma daga try zuwa tried da sauransu.
2.1. MISALIN REGULAR VERBS
Da farko, ga ƙa'idojin da ake bi wajen rubuta aiki a regular verbs. Idan kalma ta ƙare da harafin 'y' sai a cire shi, a maye gurbinsa da 'ied'. Misali, kalmomin cry, dry da try sun ƙare da harafin 'y' sai a cire shi. Daga nan kalmomin za su zama cr, dr da tr. Sannan sai a rubuta ied a wajen 'y' ɗin. Kalmomin za su zama cried, dried da tried.MISALI:
- We dry our meat in the sun to make driedmeat.
- Mu kan shanya namanmu a cikin rana domin yin kilishi.
- We dried our meat in the sun to make driedmeat.
- Mun shanya namanmu a cikin rana domin yin kilishi.
Hakama, idan kalma ta ƙare da harafin 'e' kawai harafin 'd' ake ƙarawa a ƙarshen kalmar. Misali, daga kalmar force zuwa forced, ko daga file zuwa filed, ko kuma daga create zuwa created da dai sauransu.
MISALI:
- They force me to get out of the class.
- Su kan tilasta mun fita daga ajin.
- They forced me to get out of the class.
- Sun tilasta mun fita daga ajin.
Amma kuma a yayin da kalma ta ƙare da ɗaya daga cikin harufan baƙi, kawai 'ed' ɗin ake ƙarawa a ƙarshen kalmar. Misali, daga seal zuwa sealed, ko daga fetch zuwa fetched, ko daga call zuwa called, ko kuma daga kill zuwa killed.
MISALI:
- Ahmad and Aminu play the accordion every day.
- Ahmad da Aminu na kaɗa akodiyon kullum.
- Ahmad and Aminu played the accordion last week at the party.
- Ahmad da Aminu sun kaɗa akodiyon a wajen bikin satin da ya wuce.
3.0. MENE NE IRREGULAR VERBS?
Irregular verbs ma ayyuka ne na yau da kullum, kaman yadda bayanin regular verbs yake. Amma sai dai su a lokacin rubutasu a shuɗaɗɗan lokaci ba su da wata tsayayyar ƙa'ida. Kaman yadda regular verbs su ke da tsayayyar ƙa'idar rubutasu, wato a ko da yaushe su na ƙarewa da 'ed' ko 'ied'. Sai dai abun ba haka yake ba ga irregular verbs. Misali, daga sit zuwa sat, daga bring zuwa brought, daga eat zuwa ate, ko kuma daga sell zuwa sold.MISALI:
- I buy a new smartphone every year.
- Na kan siya babbar waya sabuwa kowace shekara.
- I bought a new smartphone last year.
- Na siya babbar waya sabuwa shekarar da ta gabata.
Idan mu ka duba jimloli biyun nan dake sama a tsanake, za mu ga cewa aikin ya canza daga aiki sabau (habitual) zuwa shuɗaɗɗen lokaci na ɗaya (past simple). Sannan kalmar buy to koma bought. Daga nan kaɗai mu na iya fahimtar bambancin dake tsakanin regular verb da irregular verb. Idan da regular verb ne da ƙarshen kalmar ya ƙare da ed, wacce ita ce ka'idarsa. Amma sai kalmar ta canza daga buy zuwa bought.
3.1. MISALIN IRREGULAR VERBS
Kaman yadda mu ka yi bayani a sama, cewa regular verbs na ƙarewa da ed, to saɓanin haka ne a irregular verbs. Domin su ba su da wata ƙa'ida wajen rubuta su a shuɗaɗɗen lokaci. Ka na iya samun wasu kalmomin a lokaci sabau da shuɗaɗɗen lokaci duk yadda ake rubutasu dayane. Kaman kalmomin cut, let, put da spread, ba sa canzawa a lokaci sabau ko shuɗaɗɗen lokaci.MISALI:
- You rarely cut some firewoods.
- Ba ka cika saran icen girki ba.
- You have cut three firewoods yesterday.
- Ka saro itatuwan girki guda uku jiya.
- I let you go for playing at evenings.
- Na kan ƙyaleku zuwa wasa da maraice.
- I let you go for playing at evening last week.
- Na ƙyaleku zuwa wasa da maraice satin da ya wuce.
Idan muka lura da misalai da ke sama, kalmomin 'cut' da 'let' ba su canza ba a shuɗaɗɗen lokaci da lokaci sabau. Yadda suke a shuɗaɗɗan lokaci haka suke a lokaci sabau. Saboda haka su basu da wata ƙa'ida da ake wajen rubutasu a lokaci sabau ko shuɗaɗɗe.
SAURAN MISALAN:
- We speak to him about the party.
- Mu kan yi masa magana game da bikin.
- We spoke to him about the party.
- Mun yi masa magana game da bikin.
- You often do your homework.
- Ki kan yawanta yin aiki gidanki.
- You did your homework yesterday.
- Kin yi aikin gidanki jiya.
- We normally sell the shoes at ₦500.
- Mu kan siyar da takalman a kan ₦500.
- We sold the shoes at ₦500.
- Mun siyar da takalman a kan ₦500.
Idan muka lura da waɗannan misalai da ke sama, za mu iya bambance tsakanin regular verb da irregular verb. Sannan kuma za mu iya bayanin mene ne verb daidai gwargwado.
Za mu dakata a nan. Duk mai tambaya ko neman ƙarin haske, sai ya rubuta, idan mun sani zai ga amsar tambayarsa. Mu na godiya.
