Sentence shine jimla a hausance. Jimla shine tattaro wasu kalmomi a jere su bada wani bayani mai ma'ana. Wannan bayani ya ƙunshi wani aiki da wani mutum ya yi ko kuma wani labarin daban.
Jimla mai cikakkiyar ma'ana ita ce jimlar da ta ƙunshi mai aiki, aikin da ya aikata da kuma wanda aikin ya faɗa kansa.
Misali
Aliyu goes to school every day.
Aliyu ya kan je makaranta kowace rana.
I often read news on the internet.
Ina yawan karanta labarai a yanar gizo.
We eat our breakfast before leaving.
Mu kan yi karin kumallo kafin mu fita.
Jimla ta kan zo a sigogi mabambanta, kamar jimla bayanau, jimla tambayau da kuma jimla umartau. Waɗannan sigogin su ne ire iren jimla.
Ire iren sentence
Declarative sentence
Interrogative sentence
Imperative sentence
Declarative sentence
Declarative sentence ita ce jimla bayanau. Wannan nau'in jimla shine na farko da ya kamata mai koyo ya fara da shi. Domin da wannan nau'i na jimla ake amfani wajen kawo wani bayani a yadda yake. Sannan ya na ƙarewa da alamar aya (pull stop).
Misali
I eat an apple every day.
Na kan ci tufa kowace rana.
She goes to school on foot.
Ta kan je makaranta da ƙafa.
They play tennis on weekends.
Su kan yi wasan tenis duk ƙarshen mako.
Waɗannan jimloli duk sun yi bayanin ayyukan da ke cikinsu kamar yadda su ke.
Interrogative sentence
Interrogative sentence ita ce jimla tambayau. Wannan nau'ine na jimla da mai koyo ya kamata ya koya bayan koyan declarative sentence. Domin a kan yi amfani da shi wajen yin tambaya, kuma ya kan ƙare da alamar tambaya (question mark).
Misali
Do I eat an apple every day?
Shin na kan ci tufa kowace rana?
Does she go to school on foot?
Shin ta kan je makaranta da ƙafa?
Do they play tennis on weekends?
Shin su kan yi wasan tenis duk ƙarshen mako?
Exclamatory sentence
Exclamatory sentence nau'ine na jimla dake ƙarewa da exclamation mark (wato alamar motsin rai).
Imperative sentence
Imperative sentence ita ce jimla umartau. Wannan nau'ine na jimla da ake amfani da shi domin bayar da umurni. Shi kuma wani lokaci ya kan ƙare da alamar motsin rai (exclamation mark).
Misali
Eat this apple!
Ci wannan tufar.
Go school on foot!
Tafi makaranta da ƙafa.
You should play tennis this weekend.
Ku yi wasan tenis ƙarshen makon nan.
A nan jimlolin duk umarni su ke badawa.
Ɓangarorin jimla
Subject
Verb
Object
Duk jimla cikakkiya ta na ƙunshe da bangarori uku aƙalla ko sama da haka. Waɗannan bangarorin su ne mai aiki, aikin da aka yi da kuma wanda aiki ya faɗa kansa.
Subject
Subject shine mai aiki. Wannan ɓangare shine wanda ya yi aikin da ake magana akansa a cikin kowace jimla.
Misali
I eat an apple every day.
Na kan ci tufa kowace rana.
A wannan misalin I ne subject. Wato ni na yi aikin.
Aliyu kicked the ball.
Aliyu ya bugi ƙwallon.
A wannan misalin kuma Aliyu ne subject.
A waɗannan misalai ni mai magana da Aliyu mu ne masu aikin. Mu mu ka yi ayyukan da ake magana akansu.
Verb
Verb shine aiki. Wato shine aikin da ake magana akansa a cikin kowace jimla.
Misali
I eat an apple every day.
Na kan ci tufa kowace rana.
A wannan misalin eat ne verb.
Aliyu kicked the ball.
Aliyu ya bugi ƙwallon.
A wannan misalin kuma kicked ne verb.
A waɗannan misalai kuma eat da kicked su ne verb - wato su ne ayyukan da ake magana akansu a cikin jimlolin.
Object
Object shine wanda aikin ya faɗa kansa. Wannan ɓangare shine wanda sakamakon aikin da ake magana ya faɗa akansa a cikin kowace jimla.
Misali
I eat an apple every day.
Na kan ci tufa kowace rana.
A wannan misalin apple ne object.
Aliyu kicked the ball.
Aliyu ya bugi ƙwallon.
A wannan misalin kuma ƙwallo ce object.
A waɗannan misalai kuma apple da ƙwallo. Su ne ayyukan da ake magana su ka faɗa akansu.
