Conjunction wasu kalmomi ne da ake amfani da su a cikin jimla domin alaƙanta wani ɓangare na jimla da ɗan uwansa. Waɗannan kalmomi kan nuna alaƙar da ke tsakanin wani suna da wani suna, wani aiki da wani aiki ko wasu siffofi dake siffanta wani abu guda ɗaya.
Misali:
Ali and Adamu are playing.
Ali da Adamu na wasa.
I don't eat, because I have eaten.
Ba zan ci abinci ba, sabo da na ci abinci tun ba yanzu ba.
I will do the work for you.
Zan yi aikin domin kai.
Idan mu ka dubi waɗannan misalai da ke sama, za mu ga kalmomin and, because da kuma for sun nuna alaƙar da ke tsakanin bangarorin jimlolin. A jimla ta farko, Aliyu and Adamu are playing. Kalmar and dake tsakanin sunan Aliyu da Adamu ita ta nuna cewa Aliyu da Adamu ke wasa a tare.
A jimla ta biyu kuma, I don't eat, because I have eaten. Kalmar because da abun da bayanan da su ka biyo ta su suka nuna dalilin da ya sa ba zan ci abincin ba. WaÉ—annan kalmomi su ake kira Conjunctions.
Conjunctions É—in da su kafi zuwa sune:
7.1. After
7.2. Although
7.3. And
7.4. Because
7.5. But
7.6. For
7.7. If
7.8. So
7.9. Unless
7.1. After
After na nufin bayan. Wato wani abu ya faru bayan faruwar wani abun ko kuma wani aiki ya biyo bayan wani aikin.
Misali:
We drink some water after running.
Mu kan sha ruwa bayan mun yi gudu.
The car travels after the lorry.
Ƙaramar motar na bin bayan babbar motar.
I will see you after school.
Zan ganka bayan an tashi makaranta.
She oversleeps after hard working.
Ta kan yi baccin da ya wuce yadda ya saba bayan yin aiki sosai.
Oversleep na nufin yin bacci sama da yadda aka saba.
7.2. Although
Although na nufin duk da cewa. Wato duk da cewa kaza kaza ..., amma sai da kaza kaza ... ya faru. Wannan kalma ba a sa waƙafi (comma) a gabanta. Haka kuma a farkon jimla kaɗai ake amfani da ita.
Misali:
Although I am not an Arabian, I speak Arabic correctly.
Duk da cewa ni ba Balarabe bane, na kan yi larabci daidai.
Although I have never school, I can read and write English.
Duk da cewa ban taɓa zuwa makaranta ba, ina iya karatu da rubutu.
Although he is not a dancer, he dances nicely.
Duk da cewa shi ba É—an rawa ba ne, ya kan yi rawa mai kyau.
Although he had never been to Katsina, he didn't get lost when he visited Gobarau minaret.
Duk da cewa bai taɓa zuwa Katsina ba, bai yi ɓatan kai ba lokacin da ya ziyarci Hasumiyar Gobarau.
Although the recent fuel scarcity, he gets his tank full.
Duk da ƙarancin mai da ake da shi a kwanan nan, ya kan samu ya cika tankin abun hawansa.
7.3. And
And na nufin da. Wato kamar ka ce wane da wane, wance da wane, wance da wance, wani abu da wani abu ko kaza da kaza. Wannan kalma a kan yi amfani da ita domin nuna alaƙa tsakanin ababe guda biyu.
Misali:
Nura and Ibrahim.
Nura da Ibrahim.
Chelsea and Liverpool are playing tomorrow.
Kungiyar Chelsea da Liverpool gobe su ke wasa.
A car and a bicycle in the house.
Wata mota da wani ke ne a gidan.
The governor and his cabinet.
Gwamnan da majalisarsa.
Kano and Katsina are the most populous states in northern Nigeria.
Kano da Katsina su ne jahohi mafi yawan mutane a arewacin najeriya.
7.4. Because
Because na nufin saboda. Wannan kalma a na aiki da ita domin bayar da dalili. Kamar ka ce saboda kaza... na yi kaza ... ko dalilin kaza-kaza ya sa ban yi kaza-kaza ba.
Misali:
I didn't go to school yesterday, because I was sick.
Ban je makaranta ba jiya, sabo da ba ni da lafiya.
We can't afford to buy it, because we are broke.
Ba za mu iya siya ba, saboda ba mu da kuÉ—i.
She cooks delicious food, because she is good cook.
Ta kan girka abinci mai daɗi, saboda ita ƙwararriyar mai girkice.
You failed the test, because you did not read your books.
Ka faÉ—i test É—in ne saboda ba ka karanta littattafanka.
7.5. But
But na nufin amma. Wannan kalma a na amfani da ita domin ƙalubalantar bayanin da ya zo kafin a kawo ta.
Misali:
He is blamed, but he is innocent.
Ana zargin sa, amma dai ba shi da laifi.
I think it is horse, but it is donkey.
Na yi tsammanin doki ne, ashe jaki ne.
Ƙarin haske
A waÉ—annan misalai biyu da ke sama ana iya maye gurbin but da kalmar and, kuma duk ma'ana É—aya za su bayar.
Misali:
daga: I think it is a horse, but it is a donkey
zuwa: I think it is a horse, and it is a donkey.
I think, I know you, but ...
I tsammanin na san ka, amma dai ...
He is not poor, but rich.
Shi ba talaka bane, mai kuÉ—i ne.
I had asked you to come, but you didn't come.
Na ce ma ka zo, amma ba ka zo ba.
7.6. For
For na nufin domin ko a maimakon. Wato wani abu domin yin wani aiki, ko yin wani aiki domin wani. Wato wani na wani ya kan yi, saboda wani uzuri bai samu ya yi aikin ba, sai wani ya yi aikin domin wancan da bai samu yin aikin ba.
Misali:
What is this app for?
Wannan application É—in na mene ne?
It is for calculation.
Na lissafi ne.
I am here for you.
Ina nan ne domin kai.
She does the dishes for her sister.
Ta kan yi wanke wanken a maimakon ƙanwarta.
They answer the questions for me.
Sun amsa tambayoyin domin ni.
I will provide you stationery for free.
Zan kawoma kayan karatu a kyauta.
7.7. If
If na nufin idan. Kamar ka ce idan na yi kaza, idan da kaza, idan ba haka ba, da kaza ya kasance da kaza da kaza ya faru.
Misali:
If know you are coming, I would make a dinner for you.
Idan da na san ka na tafe da na yi ma tuwon dare.
If you come tomorrow, we will go to cinema.
Idan ka zo gobe, za mu je silima.
If studied hard, I would have been a doctor.
Da a ce na yi karatu sosai, da sai na zama likita.
If she wins the lottery, I will give you my car.
Idan ta ci cacar, zan baka motata.
If you wake up at 7 o'clock, you will be late.
Idan ka tashi ƙarfe 7, za ka makara.
7.8. So
So na nufin domin haka, saboda haka ko kuma daga nan. Wato saboda wani abu da aka ambata ko aikata kafin yanzu, za ayi kaza-kaza.
7.9. Unless
Unless na nufin sai, ko kuma har sai. Wato wani abu ba zai faru ba har sai wani ya faru.
Misali:
I won't visit you unless I get money.
Ba zan ziyarceka ba sai na samu kuÉ—i.
We won't go out unless we eat.
Ba za mu fito ba sai mun ci abinci.
