MENE NE VERB?

Verb na nufin duk aikin motsa gaɓa. Kaman yin tafiya (to walk), cin abinci (to eat), yin tsalle (to jump), yin gudu (to run) da sauransu. A taƙaice, verb shine duk wani abu da za a ce a kan yi, a na yi, an yi ko za a yi ta hanyar motsa jiki ko kuma wasu gaɓɓai.

Misali:

1. We play football every day.
2. Mu kan yi wasan ƙwallon ƙafa kowace rana.
3. She is skipping right now.
4. Ta na yin wasan iya yanzu haka.
5. I kicked the boy.
6. Na daki yaron. (Yin duka da ƙafa shi ne kick)
7. They run for 2km on weekends.
8. Su kan yi gudun kilomita biyu a ƙarshen mako.
9. Amina is sweeping the room.
10. Amina na share ɗakin.
11. Aliyu drove to school.
12. Aliyu ya tuƙa mota zuwa makaranta.
13. The boy was hit by his mother.
14. Yaron mahaifiyarsa ta dake shi.
15. We are playing tennis.
16. Mu na yin wasan ƙwallon mara.
17. Amina farms her farmland annually.
18. Amina kan noma gonar ta duk shekara.
19. They ploughed the farm last week.
20. Sun yi wa gonar huɗa satin da ya gabata.

Idan mu ka duba waɗannan misalai da ke sama, za mu ga cewa, kowace jimla ta kunshi wani aikin motsa jiki. Waɗanda sune yin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, yin wasan 'yar igiya, duka da ƙafa, yin gudu da kuma yin shara da dai sauransu. Waɗannan duk ayyuka ne da sai an motsa jiki sannan ake iya yin su.

IRE-IREN VERB

1. Main verb
2. Auxillary verb
3. Action verb
4. Transitive verb
5. Intransitive verb

1. MAIN VERB

Main verb shine wani aiki da ake magana akan sa a cikin wata jimla. Wato dai, main verb shine wani aiki da wata jimla ke magana akai.

Misali:

1. I play the piano at nights.
2. Na kan kaɗa fiyano da dare.
3. We go to cinemas to watch new movies.
4. Mu kan je silima domin kallon sabbin finafinai.
5. She often cooks the pasta.
6. Ta kan yawaita girka taliya.
7. They are travelling to Jos next week.
8. Sati mai zuwa za su yi bulaguro zuwa Jos.
9. The road was taped after the accident
10. An rufe titin bayan faruwar haɗarin.

Idan mu ka dubi waɗannan misalai da ke sama, za mu ga cewa, kowane misali daga cikinsu na magana ne akan wani aiki da wata jimla ta ƙunsa. Jimlar farko ta na magana ne kan aikin kaɗa fiyano. Jimla ta biyu kuma tafiyar mu gidan silima take magana akai. Sai jimla ta uku da ke magana akan yawaita girka taliya da ake yi, da dai sauransu. Waɗannan ayyuka da su ka zo a cikin misalan nan su ne main verb.

2. AUXILIARY VERB

Auxiliary verbs, wasu verbs ne da a karan-kansu ba sa nuna yin wani aiki. Maimakon haka su kan taimaka wajen nuna wani aiki. Auxiliary verb sune, be, do da kuma have.

BE VERB

Na farko daga cikinsu shine BE verb. Be verb, wani verb ne da ake aiki da shi a gurare mabambanta. Shi a kan kansa bai da wata ma'ana guda ɗaya tsayayya. More wa wannan verb ɗin shine sanin guraren da ake aiki da shi.

Kafin mu je bayanin guraren da ake aiki da shi, da farko ga yadda ake sarrafa shi a present tense. I am, a na taƙaita su zuwa I'm You, are a na taƙaita su zuwa you're He is, a na taƙaita su zuwa he's She is, a na taƙaita su zuwa she's It is, a na taƙaita su zuwa it's They are, a na taƙaita su zuwa they're We are, a na taƙaita su zuwa we're

Wannan shi ne yadda ake aiki da BE verb a present tense.

Na biyu kuma, ga yadda ake sarrafa shi a past simple.

I was

You were

He was

She was

It was

They were

We were

PRESENT CONTINUOUS Da farko, ana amfani da BE verb domin nuna aikin da ake kan yi a yanzu haka.

Misali:

I am writing a letter.

Ina rubuta wasiƙa.(yanzu haka)

You are reading this PDF.

Ka na karanta wannan PDF ɗin.

He is eating his lunch.

Ya na cin tuwonsa na rana.

The baby is sleeping.

Yarinyar ta na bacci.

They are laughing at this moment.

Su na dariya yanzu haka.

Duk waɗannan misalai na nuna wasu ayyuka da ke tsaka da faruwa yanzu haka.

PAST CONTINUOUS

Na biyu kuma, ana amfani da BE verb domin kawo ko bayar da labarin wani aiki dake tsaka da faruwa a wani lokaci da ya wuce a baya.

Misali:

She arrived when I was writing a letter.

Ta iso a lokacin da na ke tsaka da rubuta wata wasiƙa.

You were reading this PDF when the rain started.

Ka na tsaka da karanta wannan PDF ɗin lokacin da aka fara ruwa.

He was eating his lunch when they left.

Ya na cikin cin tuwonsa na rana lokacin da suka fita.

I was writing this PDF at the moment.

A lokacin ina tsaka da rubuta wannan ɗin.

We were playing this time yesterday.

Jiya kaman yanzu mu na tsaka da wasa.

ADJECTIVE

Na uku ana amfani da BE verb tare da adjective.

Misali:

• I am a good boy.
• Ni yaron kirki ne.
• She is a beautiful girl.
• Ita yarinyace kyakkyawa.
• You are a smart guy.
• Kai matashine haɗaɗɗe.
• We are stronger than them.
• Mun fi su ƙarfi.
• It was an old castle we visited.
• Wani tsohon gidan sarauta mu ka ziyarta.

DO

Na biyu a auxiliary verb shine DO. Kafin mu je bayanin guraren da ake aiki da shi. Da farko ga yadda ake sarrafa DO a present simple tense.

1. I do
2. You do
3. He does
4. She does
5. It does
6. They do
7. We do

Na biyu kuma ga yadda ake sarrafa DO a past simple.

1. I did
2. You did
3. He did
4. She did
5. It did
6. They did
7. We did

INTERROGATION

A kan yi amfani da kalmar DO domin yin tambaya a present simple da past simple. Idan kuma za ayi tambayar a farkon jimlar ake sa DO.

Misali:

1. Do I know you?
2. Shin na san ka kuwa?
3. Does Fatima go to school?
4. Shin Fatima na tafiya makarantan kuwa?
5. Did you attend the party last week?
6. Shin ka halarci taron makon da ya wuce?
7. Did I eat yesterday?
8. Jiya na ci abinci kuwa?

ALURA

A kan yi amfani da DO ne domin yin tambaya akan wani abu, dake faruwa kai a kai ko kuma abun da ya saba faruwa. DID kuma a kan yi amfani da ita domin tambaya akan abinda ya faru a wani lokaci da ya wuce a baya, kaman ɗazu da jiya da shekaran jiya, makon jiya, watan jiya ko shekarar da ta wuce.

NEGATION

A kan yi amfani da DO tare da kalmar NOT domin ƙalubalantar wata magana, ko wani zance. Wato a kan rubuta DO NOT (a taƙaice kuma DON'T) ko DOES NOT (a taƙaice kuma DOESN'T) kafin rubuta aikin da ake ƙalubalanta.

Negation tare da DO a present simple

1. I do not - I don't
2. You do not - you don't
3. He does not he doesn't
4. She does not - she doesn't
5. It does not - it doesn't
6. They do not - they don't
7. We do not - we don't

Negation tare da DO a past simple

1. I did not - I didn't
2. You did not - you didn't
3. He did not - he didn't
4. She did not - she didn't
5. It did not - it didn't
6. They did not - they didn't
7. We did not - we didn't

Misali:

1. Fatima does not do the dishes in the mornings.
2. Fatima ba ta yin wanke wanke da safe.
3. Aminu does not do the laundry on weekends.
4. Aminu ba ya yin wanki a ƙarshen mako.
5. I did not do a favour to my friend.
6. Ban yi wa abokina wata alfarma ba.
7. We didn't eat our dinner.
8. Ba mu ci tuwon daren mu ba.

COLLOCATIONS

A kan yi amfani da DO domin nuna wasu ayyuka na motsa jiki da a kan yi.

1. Do the dishes - yin wanke wanke
2. Do the laundry - yin wanki
3. Do a mistake - yin kuskure
4. Do a favour - yin alfarma
5. Do the hair - taje gashi

Misali:

1. Fatima does the dishes in the mornings.
2. Fatima kan yi wanke wanke da safe.
3. Aminu does the laundry on weekends.
4. Aminu kan yi wanki a ƙarshen mako.
5. I did a favour to my friend.
Na yi wa abokina wata alfarma.
6. We did our hairs.
7. Mun sharce (taje) gashin mu.

3. ACTION VERB

Action verb shine aikin da ake bukatar motsa gaɓoɓi idan za a yi. Irin waɗannan ayyuka su ne kaman yin tsalle, yin gudu, jawowa, turawa, ɗauka da sauran su.

Misali:

1. We play football every day.
2. Mu kan yi wasan ƙwallon ƙafa kowace rana.
3. She is skipping right now.
4. Ta na yin wasan iya yanzu haka.
5. They run for 2km on weekends.
6. Su kan yi gudun kilomita biyu a ƙarshen mako.

4. TRANSITIVE VERB

Transitive shine verb ɗin da ake iya ƙarbansa, ko kuma idan an aikatashi sakamakonsa zai faɗa kan wani. Daman mun sani a cikin jimla akwai mai aiki, akwai aikin kansa, sai kuma wanda aikin ya faɗa a kansa.

Misali:

1. Aliyu kicked the ball.
2. Aliyu ya daki ƙwallon.
3. Musa slapped the boy.
4. Musa ya mari yaron.
5. The hunter caught two deer.
6. Maharbin ya kama barewa biyu.
7. The policeman have arrested the criminal.
8. Ɗan sandan ya tsare mai lefin.
9. She insulted the guys.
10. Ta zagi samarin.

Idan mu ka dubi waɗannan misalai dake sama, musamman biyu na farkon, za mu ga cewa a misali na farko, Aliyu ya daki ƙwallon. Saboda haka Aliyu shine mai aiki, dukan ƙwallon da ya yi shine aikin da ya yi, sai kuma ita ƙwallon da aka daka ita ce wanda aiki ya faɗa akanta. A misali na biyu kuma, Musa ya mari yaron. Anan kuma musa shine ya yi aikin, mari shine aikin da ya yi, sai kuma yaron da aka mara, shine wanda aiki ya faɗa kansa.

To waɗannan misalai sune misalan ayyukan da ake iya karɓa, ko kuma su ke shafar wani wato wanda aiki ya faɗa masa. To waɗannan sune misalan transitive verb.

5. INTRANSITIVE VERB

Intransitive verb, sune ayyuka da ba su da karɓau, wato babu wanda ke ƙarban sakamakonsu. Kaman yadda muka ce a cikin jimla akan samu, mai aiki, aikin kansa sai kuma mai karɓan aikin. To a intransitive verb babu mai karɓan aikin, sai dai mai aikin da aikin kansa.

Misali:

1. Ahmad ran for three kilometers.
2. Ahmad ya yi gudun kilomita uku.
3. The girl drinks her tea greedily.
4. Yarinyar ta sha shayinta cikin sauri.
5. The boys are playing good.
6. Yaran na wasa da kyau.
7. The sun sets in the west.
8. Rana ta kan faɗi a yamma.
9. The girl walks slowly.
10. Yarinyar ta kan tafi a hankali.

Za mu dakata a nan. Duk mai tambaya ko neman ƙarin haske, sai ya rubuta, idan mun sani zai ga amsar tambayarsa. Mu na godiya.